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Wandering, in the context of senior care, particularly dementia care, refers to the tendency of individuals to move about aimlessly or in a disoriented manner. It’s a common and potentially dangerous behavior that requires careful management and understanding.
Understanding Wandering:
- Definition:
- Wandering is not simply walking; it’s often characterized by a lack of clear purpose or direction.
- It can involve repetitive pacing, aimless walking, or attempts to leave a safe environment.
- Causes:
- Disorientation: Confusion about time, place, or person.
- Memory Loss: Forgetting where they are or where they’re going.
- Restlessness: Feeling agitated or unable to settle.
- Searching: Looking for something or someone familiar.
- Unmet Needs: Seeking food, water, or the bathroom.
- Sensory Overload/Underload: Too much or too little stimuli.
- Medication Side Effects: Some medications can increase restlessness.
- Changes in Environment: New surroundings can trigger confusion.
Risks Associated with Wandering:
- Falls: Increased risk of falls and injuries.
- Getting Lost: Becoming lost, especially in unfamiliar environments.
- Exposure to Hazards: Exposure to extreme weather conditions or dangerous situations.
- Dehydration and Malnutrition: Forgetting to eat or drink.
- Social Isolation: Becoming separated from caregivers or family.
Strategies for Managing Wandering:
- Create a Safe Environment:
- Secure exits and install alarms.
- Remove tripping hazards.
- Provide adequate lighting.
- Use visual cues and signage.
- Establish Routines:
- Maintain consistent daily routines.
- Schedule regular activities and exercise.
- Provide Sensory Stimulation:
- Engage in activities that provide sensory stimulation, such as music or tactile activities.
- Minimize overstimulation.
- Address Unmet Needs:
- Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition.
- Provide regular bathroom breaks.
- Address any pain or discomfort.
- Use Identification:
- Use identification bracelets or necklaces.
- Consider GPS tracking devices.
- Provide Supervision:
- Supervise individuals, especially during high-risk times.
- Use monitoring systems.
- Redirection and Distraction:
- Gently redirect the individual’s attention.
- Use familiar objects or activities to distract them.
- Create a calming environment:
- Reduce loud noises and visual clutter.
- Provide quite spaces.
Resources for Wandering:
- Alzheimer’s Association:
- Provides information and support for dementia care.
- Link: https://www.alz.org/
- National Institute on Aging (NIA):
- Offers resources on aging and caregiving.
- Link: https://www.nia.nih.gov/
- Mayo Clinic:
- Provides medical information on dementia and related conditions.
- Link: https://www.mayoclinic.org/
- Caregiver Action Network (CAN):
- Provides support for family caregivers.
- Link: https://caregiveraction.org/
- Your Local Area Agency on Aging (AAA):
- They can provide local resources.
- Use the Eldercare Locator to find your local AAA.
- Link: https://eldercare.acl.gov/