« Back to Glossary Index

Short-term memory, also known as working memory, is a cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information. It’s like a mental notepad, allowing us to keep information active in our minds for a brief period. This system is essential for various daily tasks, from remembering a phone number to following instructions.   

Understanding Short-Term Memory:

  • Limited Capacity: Short-term memory can only hold a small amount of information at a time, typically around 7 ± 2 items.   
  • Brief Duration: Information in short-term memory fades quickly, usually within seconds, unless it’s actively rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory.   
  • Active Processing: Short-term memory is not just about storage; it also involves actively manipulating information. For example, mentally calculating a tip or rearranging items in your mind.

Components of Short-Term Memory:

  • Phonological Loop: Holds auditory information, such as spoken words or sounds.   
  • Visuospatial Sketchpad: Holds visual and spatial information, such as images or maps.   
  • Central Executive: Controls attention and coordinates the other components.   

Factors Affecting Short-Term Memory:

  • Age: Short-term memory capacity can decline with age.   
  • Stress: High levels of stress can impair short-term memory function.   
  • Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sleep can negatively impact cognitive function, including short-term memory.   
  • Distractions: External or internal distractions can interfere with the ability to hold information in mind.   
  • Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as dementia or traumatic brain injury, can affect short-term memory.   

Relevance to Senior Living:

Short-term memory plays a crucial role in daily life, and its decline can significantly impact seniors:   

  • Medication Management: Remembering to take medications at the correct times.   
  • Following Instructions: Understanding and following complex instructions.
  • Daily Tasks: Completing daily tasks, such as cooking or shopping.
  • Social Interactions: Participating in conversations and remembering recent events.
  • Safety: Remembering safety precautions, such as turning off the stove.

How to Support Short-Term Memory in Seniors:

  • Simplify Information: Break down complex information into smaller, manageable chunks.   
  • Use Visual Aids: Use visual cues, such as calendars, checklists, and labels.
  • Provide Repetition: Repeat important information to reinforce memory.   
  • Minimize Distractions: Create a calm and quiet environment.   
  • Encourage Active Engagement: Engage in activities that stimulate cognitive function, such as puzzles and games.  
  • Promote a Healthy Lifestyle: Encourage a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
  • Utilize Memory Aids: Use external memory aids such as reminder alarms, or notes.

The Misconception: Short-term memory is just a passive storage space.

Here’s a deeper exploration:

  • Beyond Storage: Short-term memory isn’t just about holding information; it’s about actively processing it.
  • Cognitive Flexibility: The ability to shift between tasks and adapt to changing situations relies on short-term memory.
  • Problem-Solving: Working through problems and finding solutions requires the manipulation of information in short-term memory.   
  • Communication: Participating in conversations and understanding complex sentences relies on holding information in short-term memory.
  • The Importance of Exercise: Just like physical exercise strengthens muscles, cognitive exercises can strengthen short-term memory capacity.   

Resources for Short-Term Memory:

« Back to Glossary Index
Respite Care for Dementia
Spatial Disorientation

Sign In

Don't have an account yet? Register

Forgot password?

Register

Reset Password

Please enter your username or email address, you will receive a link to create a new password via email.